ABDOU TINE "NDIOBENE"

ABDOU TINE NDIOBENE

 

INTRODUCTION (étude comparative entre anglais et noon): mémoire de maîtrise, département linguistique; fac lettre, ucad - Dakar 2009.

INTRODUCTION

        

This short study is a comparison of English and Noon languages. Its aim is to show the similarities between the two languages and establish a close phonetic, phonological and morphological relationship between them. This seems daring. Anyone would be surprised to hear that English and Noon are similar languages and that they may be connected by any kind of link of one sort or another. On the surface they are far from being alike.

         A language can be defined and described in many ways, one of which is by its phonetics. All languages possess a phonetic system. Some languages have rich systems, others poor ones, some have many vowels while others exploit a considerable number of consonants unknown to widespread systems.

         English and Noon are of different origins and at first sight the differences are apparent in all their aspects. That has always gone their own diverging ways, on different continents, with a different history and record of wars, migrations and invasions. In its origin, English is a Germanic language. It has blossomed in England, enriched with all that has been given it by different languages and peoples: Anglo-Saxons, Celts, Romans, etc. It belongs to the Indo-European language group too.

         If the origins and family of the English language are known, the case of Noon is quite different: Noon comes from nowhere, one might say. Noon is spoken by people from villages in and around the town of Thiès itself. The Noon people used to form the core of the town's population, but as more and more foreigners came to settle in Thiès, the Noon started to move out from the centre of the town. Noon is spoken only in Senegal and in a very restricted area by little more than 29.825. Noon is a member of the Cangin languages which belongs to the West Atlantic group of languages.

         A Germanic language and West Atlantic language are compared here because of their many common features that lead us to say with Sapir that "Languages long disconnected will pass through the same or strikingly similar phases... The parallelisms in drift may operate in the phonetic as well as the phonological sphere, or they may affect both at the same time."[1] This study establishes the parallelism in the phonetic, phonology and morphology of Noon and English. Both languages seem to have similar phonetic, phonological and morphological systems as if derived from a common source.

         But before any comparative analysis, let us localize Noon people and its language in Senegal. 



[1] Sapir, E. Language, an introduction to the study of speech, p.1-2.

 

Tentative de traduction.

 

INTRODUCTION (étude comparative entre anglais et noon): mémoire de maîtrise, département linguistique; fac lettre, ucad - Dakar 2009.

      Cette courte étude est une comparaison de l'anglais et la langue noon. Son objectif est de montrer les similitudes entre les deux langues et d'établir une proximité phonétique, phonologique et morphologique des relations entre eux. Cela semble osé. Tout le monde sera surpris d'apprendre que l'anglais et le noon ont des similitudes, et qu'elles peuvent être reliées par une sorte de lien d'un type ou d'une autre. En surface, ils sont loin d'être aussi bien.
      Une langue peut être défini et décrit de nombreuses manières, dont l'un est, de par sa phonétique. Toutes les langues possèdent un système phonétique. Certaines langues ont des systèmes de riches, d'autres pauvres, certains ont beaucoup de voyelles, alors que d'autres exploitent un nombre considérable de consonnes inconnu à la généralisation de systèmes.
L'anglais et le midi sont de différentes origines et, à première vue, les différences sont manifestes dans tous leurs aspects. Cela a toujours été leurs propres façons divergentes, sur différents continents, avec une histoire différente et d'enregistrer des guerres, des migrations et des invasions. Dans son origine, l'anglais est une langue germanique. Il s'est développé en Angleterre, enrichie de tout ce qui a été donné par les différentes langues et les peuples: Anglo-Saxons, les Celtes, les Romains, etc Il appartient à la langue indo-européenne du groupe aussi.
Si les origines et la famille de la langue anglaise sont connus, le cas de midi est très différente: de midi vient de nulle part, pourrait-on dire. Le noon est parlé par des gens de villages dans et autour de la ville de Thiès lui-même. Les gens du midi servi à former le noyau de la ville de la population, mais comme de plus en plus d'étrangers sont venus s'installer à Thiès, le midi a commencé à sortir du centre de la ville. Noon est seulement parlé au Sénégal et dans une zone très restreinte par un peu plus de 29.825. Midi est un membre de la Cangin langues qui appartient à l'ouest de l'Atlantique du groupe de langues.
Une langue germanique et de l'Ouest Atlantique langue sont comparés ici à cause de leurs nombreuses caractéristiques communes qui nous amènent à dire que Sapir "Langues long déconnecté passe par la même ou une similitude frappante les phases ... Les parallélismes dans la dérive mai opérer dans la phonétique ainsi que de la sphère phonologique, ou ils touchent à la fois mai en même temps. "Cette étude établit le parallélisme dans le plan phonétique, la phonologie et la morphologie du midi et en anglais. Les deux langues semblent avoir des phonétique, phonologique et morphologique, comme si les systèmes dérivés d'une source commune.
Mais avant toute analyse comparative, nous localiser les gens noon et sa langue au Sénégal.

"Traduction automatique de l'anglais au français". fredy

 

Noon dialects

         The Serere Noon language is divided into three main dialects with the following names used by their own speakers: Padee that is spoken in the greater village of Fandène, east of Thiès; Saawi[1], spoken in the northern villages from Diassap to Lam-Lam; Cangin, spoken in the town of Thiès itself. The following list is that of the Noon villages, grouped according to dialect:

 

The Noon villages

 

In French                                                                  In Noon

Padee dialect

FANDENE:                                                            PADEE:

Keur Ndiour                                                            Ce’ aa Ñjuu’

Keur Daouda                                                           Kitokkinaa     

Keur Liga                                              1-Ki ta goh/2-Ce’aakújún

Ndiam Dioroh                                                          Jiñjíroh

Cousoun                                                                  Kúsún

Fouth                                                                       Fúy 

Diayane                                                                    Ce’aa Waal

 

Saawi dialect

Diassap                                                                    Caap/Caasap

Keur Ndiokune                                                         Kuyuŋ

Lalane                                                                      Laalaa

Ndiobène                                                                 Saawi, Saafi

Thiaoune                                          Caawuu Jooraa/Caawuu Luufa

Koudiadiène                                                            Kujiji, Kujajen

Lam-Lam                                                                 Lam-Lam

Diassane                                                                  Jaasaa

 

Cangin dialect

Léloh                                                                        Leeloo

Peykouk                                                                    Kuuk

Ngoumsane                                                      Ŋgumee /Ŋgumisaa

Ndoufak                                                                    kúndóok

Silmang                                                                    Sílmaŋ/Sílmëŋ

Dioung                                                                   Coonaa juuŋ

Ouango                                                                  Waŋgoo

Thiès None                                                             Sapkoo

Nguenth (serere)                                                     Ŋgente/Ŋgenti

Grand Thialy                                                           Caalii Luufaa

Petit Thialy                                                             Calaw

Thionah Thiapong                                                  Coonaa Capoŋ

Pognène                                                                 Poñin



[1] The name of the Noon dialect, Saawi or Saafi, is not to be confounded with the name of the related language in the Cangin group, Saafi-Saafi (where the people are called Saafi and their country Saafen)

 

CONCLUSION

 

         When we first conceived the idea of this short work, our main intention was to see the real disappointment Noon pupils sometimes find in their learning. Nowadays, no language learning technique can be efficient without certain knowledge of phonetics, phonology and morphology. There is no magic way of acquiring good or satisfactory pronunciation of English if one does not live with native speakers or English-speaking people in order to have everyday practice. English is a most difficult language in its sounds and the way they are used in utterances. The misadventures are uncountable with the unstable, versatile vowels, a whole lot of consonants that should not be uttered at any cost, and the spelling that makes it all atrocious.

         Yet as students, we have to make and deal with such strange sounds and habits of the phonetic and phonological systems of English. It is our burden in this trade of ours, with its everyday problems. And our task is made uneasy and shown by our bilingualism or sometimes plurilingualism. At first this seems to be an obstacle. Yet a closer examination and a little phonetic information will show us a common ground available. Similarities and differences are shown in a new light and constitute a most helpful tool in the learning or teaching English in Senegal.

         The contrastive study in the phonetic, phonological and morphological aspects of English and Noon shows that there are many relations and similarities in both languages. Phonetically speaking, English is much related to Noon. It never occurs to students or pupils that the long and short vowels are the same in both languages.

                  Being consonantal languages, English and Noon use their consonants in various functions on their phonetic systems. Their vocalic systems share articulator and acoustic features that make them comparable languages.

         For all these reasons English and Noon are similar languages and typologically of the same phonic and phonemic substance. Let us say along with Sapir bearing in mind the implications on human psychology, that "the latent content of all languages is the same – the intuitive science of experience"[1] and specifically in our case of Noon and English.



[1] SAPIR, Edward: Language. P. 74



29/04/2009
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